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MÉTODOS DE ENTREGA DE PROYECTOS, ¿CUÁL ES EL IDEAL?

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“Proyectos Exitosos: Escogiendo el Método Correcto”

Que es un método de entrega de proyecto?
Términos simples: la organización de los servicios de planeación, diseño y construcción que actuarán sobre tú proyecto. quiere decir: Como ejecutarás el proyecto ¡¡¡

Para la construcción del Centro de distribución Elektra de occidente, ubicado en Guadalajara, me funcionó muy bien aplicar una mezcla de métodos, el proyecto era tan grande que un solo método no haría el truco. Las partes de movimiento de tierras y estructural fueron la directriz. Construido en la ladera de un cerro de piedra volcánica, los entregables para dejar listas las plataformas y las grandes cubiertas con alturas y claros muy importantes, de manera que las siguientes etapas de construcción pudieran estar en entorno seguro fue fundamental, así que se asignó un contratista único para cada un de estas tareas, mientras que para las instalaciones posteriores, el método multi-contrato fue el seleccionado, para el área de oficinas el método mejorvalor-diseño-construcción fue el adoptado. para proyectos pequeño y medianos el método de diseño-estimado de costo considero el más adecuado.

Como se llega a decidir cual es el más adecuado, aquí te doy la guía.

¿Qué necesitas?

Armarte con la información que necesitas par tomar una decisión informada, fundamentada para el set up, te apunta en la dirección correcta hacia el éxito de tú proyecto. De que manera puedes afianzarte para una correcta entrega ? Cuales son las consideraciones iniciales?

Teniendo en cuenta que vas a armar un equipo de trabajo para el proyecto, debes acoplarlo a un método de entrega, por lo que es indispensable que sepas cuales están disponibles para seleccionar el más adecuado e iniciar con el píe derecho.

Equipo del proyecto

La integración de un equipo de trabajo está básicamente formado por estos 3 sub-equipos

  1. El equipo del dueño [[stakeholders]] incluye al mismo dueño, sus representantes o el Project manager, y cualquier otro asesor que el, dueño tenga, incluyendo investigadores, geotécnicos; si existe financiamiento externo asesores financieros.
  2. El equipo de diseño. incluido arquitectos, ingenieros, MEP y cualquiera especialistas que decidan sumar.
  3. El equipo de construcción. participación del gerente de construcción, contratista general, subcontratistas.

Decisiones críticas

  • primero: seleccionar cuál será el método de entrega que se ajuste mejor al proyecto
  • segundo: Cuál será el método de obtención y procuración de insumos y los servicios, que tipo de cotización de los precios, nos comprometeremos a seguir.
  • tercero: cuál será el tipo de contrato que se utilizará con cada tipo de método de entrega.
tres decisiones críticas

4 Métodos

Concentrémonos en la primera decisión, te presento los 4 métodos más usados de entrega.

  • 1 Diseño-Estimado costos | presupuesto-construcción (DPC)
  • 2 Gerencia de construcción multi contrato (GCMC) la AIA la define como Asesoría. (CxA)
  • 3 Gerencia de construcción en riesgo (GC@R) administración de la construcción por contratista AIA (CG)
  • 4 Diseño-Construcción (DC) de este dos sub-tipos : Mejor valor-diseño-Construcción y Diseño Progresivo-Construcción.

¿Cuál es el mejor método para el proyecto?

Debes decidir cual será el nivel de involucramiento que desea tener como dueño, y que nivel de responsabilidad entre todos los integrantes del equipo de trabajo. Para cada tipo de los 4 anteriores la cantidad de tiempo que cada sub-equipo de trabajo invertirá durante el proyecto. en el primero el stakeholder estará muy involucrado, revisando el diseño, autorizando los costos y supervisando la obra, en el método 2 se separa un poco, el seguimiento se hace sobre empresas. para el 4 vuelve a estar muy involucrado tomando decisiones de valor.

Métodos más usados

En el método 3 la responsabilidad recae totalmente en un solo contratista, mientras en el método 2 esta responsabilidad se distribuye entre varias empresas. El concepto de involucramiento y responsabilidad queda claro con cada método. Tal vez el mayor riesgo para la entrega de un proyecto muy grande sea que se seleccione el método de un solo contratista para la totalidad del alcance y no cumpla.

En proyectos muy grandes la mezcla de métodos ha funcionado bien, se le otorga un área específica a un solo contratista, mientras partes más grandes del proyecto se manejan con multi-contratos

Considerar también que tipo de control presupuestal y de tiempo requieres tener

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