Antes de crear un programa y presupuesto de obra es necesario contar con las metas y objetivos del proyecto perfectamente claras
Esto incluye la visión general, el estimado de tiempo para la culminación, y cualquier restricción o requerimiento específico que deba ser considerado.
Mediante la comprensión de las metas y objetivos del proyecto el project manager descalzo podrá entonces integrar un adecuado programa y presupuesto alineado con ellos.
Obvio, no no es obvio; podemos tomar muchos ejemplos, una boda es un proyecto extremadamente complejo que requiere de mucha administración de recursos, comunicación etc todos los aspectos que hemos tratado aquí; pero a menos que contraten a un profesional en planeación de bodas, resolverán este proyecto de manera empírica y con ayuda de muchas otras personas que con su “experiencia” de haberse casado antes que ustedes les darán los consejos que podrán aplicar, o cuando menos tomar en cuenta. Nadie garantiza que un proyecto de boda exitoso, resulte en un matrimonio que dure toda la vida, pero es el inicio.
Tomemos entonces un ejemplo más manejable:
Un viaje de fin de semana.
Visión General
Viaje de fin de semana para eliminar un poco de stress y recuperar energías, a 1 o 2 horas de camino de dónde nos encontramos por vía terrestre
Objetivo
Descanso, distracción de las actividades diarias, recorrido por el destino.
Metas
- llegada al hotel el viernes a las 18:00 hrs 6pm
- Reservación hotel de 4 estrellas
- Regreso al origen de salida el domingo a las 21:00 hrs 9pm
- El presupuesto que tenemos no debe ser rebasado
- Las comidas en restaurantes dónde los locales acuden
- Dormir 8 horas durante viernes y sábado.
- Destinar cuando menos 1.5 horas para cada alimento
Restricciones
- La hora de llegada al hotel para checkin es inamovible.
- El pago de las casetas de la autopista de cuota no es negociable
- el consumo de combustible del vehiculo es de un tanque, en el sitio no existe reabastecimiento
- no habrá señal de TV.
- Licencia de manejo vigente del piloto
- seguro del vehículo vigente
Plan de contingencia
- Revisión del vehículo, frenos, llanta de refacción y adecuadas condiciones para salir a carretera
- Tener identificado un segundo lugar de hospedaje, por contingencia durante el trayecto no sea posible llegar a tiempo al hotel para el checkinn
- Efectivo suficiente dentro del presupuesto para pagos de emergencia.
- Una de las caminatas será por terreno escarpado, ubicar clínica u hospital en el sitio
La información anterior se integró por distintos medios desde cada uno de los compañeros de viaje, el de la idea fue del que pone el coche, el destino lo definieron entre todos después de discutir opciones. A menos que uno de ellos se encargue de coordinar todo, lo que lo convierte en el project manager, todos los demás serán stakeholders.
una vez que regresen el domingo con las metas y objetivo cumplidos, el viaje se considera un éxito.
los problemas se resolvieron y el plan de contingencia funcionó.
Esto es un proyecto de un fin de semana, con la información que hemos comentado empezará entonces la programación detallada de cada actividad, una base es la duración de las comidas y el trayecto, pero para cada actividad se debe definir una duración, por su puesto cada paso del viaje tendrá un costo asociado, la carga de gasolina inicial, como el gasto de cada comida, ya sea desayuno, comida o cena, la calidad del viaje dependerá entonces si el hotel de 4 estrellas cumplió con el estándar de esta categoría y las comidas con el sazón de las cocinas de la región.
y así cada una de las actividades, claro no dije una aventura de fin de semana, dónde no sabemos que pueda ocurrir ni como, solamente sabemos a dónde vamos, cuando salimos y cuando debemos regresar; para esto también hay un manejo de proyecto que hemos platicado [[agile]] o adaptativo, a cada momento debes ajustar las condiciones que se presenten.
Podría ser divertido de las dos maneras? si puede ser que si. aquí es dónde entra una de las grandes discusiones y debates dentro de la comunidad de project managers; como concepto que pesa más: la planeación o la ejecución.
Entonces para un proyecto de construcción de gran tamaño, la visión general, los objetivos y las metas, tendrán que ser tan detallados y con la profundidad suficiente para todos los participantes del proyecto los tengan claros, que podrían contar con varias páginas. Los financieros son muy escrupulosos de los análisis de sus números para aplicarlos a la fiabilidad de un proyecto, muchas páginas son necesarias para este tema.
Con esta reflexión quiero hacer consientes a los project managers descalzos que debemos ser congruentes con las expectativas que, de un projecto exitoso tiene el [[stakeholders]], y así puedas evaluar durante el proceso como vas.
La recomendación es que aunque no hallas formado parte de la etapa de planeación del proyecto, conozcas todas esta condicionantes antes de hacer el programa y presupuesto de construcción
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